On June 28, 1978, the Supreme Court announced its decision in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke. This case was the first important U.S. Supreme Court decision to test Title VI of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, prohibiting racial discrimination in public education and other endeavors receiving federal funds. The Court held that while Title VI disallowed educational institutions from making racial quotas part of their admissions policies, giving race some special consideration was permissible in order to achieve the important goal of diversity in institutions of higher education and—beyond that—at all levels of society. Thus Bakke became, as the Court later characterized it in Grutter v. Bollinger (2003), the “touchstone for constitutional analysis of race-conscious admissions policies” (www.oyez.org).